LINUX AND VMWARE STUFF

This Blog is to share our knowledge and expertise on Linux System Administration and VMware Administration

Wednesday, October 18, 2017

How to Identify Raw Device Mappings (RDMs) using the vSphere Client?

Wednesday, October 18, 2017 0

To identify RDMs using the vSphere Client:

1. Connect to vCenter Server or a host using the vSphere Client.
2. Select a virtual machine in the inventory.
3. Right-click the virtual machine and click Edit Settings.
4. Select each hard disk in the Virtual Hardware list with a summary Mapped Raw LUN. The path to the RDM virtual disk mapping file and the name of the backing SCSI device are listed.
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Tuesday, October 17, 2017

When the : "Error: Driver 'pcspkr' is already registered" will appear in Virtual Machine?

Tuesday, October 17, 2017 0

On Virtual machine's, if you are observing following message 'Error: Driver 'pcspkr' is already registered'  in /var/log/messages file, then we get rid of this by adding  'blacklist snd-pcsp' in /etc/modeprobe.d/blacklist.conf file.

#echo 'blacklist snd-pcsp' >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
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How to Update the BIOS of the ESX/ESXi host?

Tuesday, October 17, 2017 0

Updating the BIOS of the ESX/ESXi host

The steps required to update firmware or a system BIOS varies depending on the hardware vendor and the component to be updated. Typically, the vendor will supply some type of utility that will update the component automatically.

For example, to update a motherboard's BIOS:

Notes:

    Before performing this procedure, ensure to migrate the virtual machines and appliances in the ESX/ESXi host.    

    This a only an example. The results may vary from each manufacturer.

 1. Download the update utility from the vendor.

 2. Create a bootable floppy disk or CD/DVD-ROM that contains the utility.

 3. Physically be in front of the server that hosts ESX/ESXi.

 4. Reboot the host.
   
 5. Access the BIOS of the server.
    Note: You may access the BIOS by pressing F2 or DEL. However, this varies depending on the vendor and is usually displayed on your screen.

 6. Find the System Information section of the BIOS. The location varies depending on vendor.

 7. Note the BIOS version and any other relevant information before upgrading.

 8. Ensure that your BIOS is capable of booting from a floppy or CD/DVD-ROM.

 9. Place the floppy or CD/DVD-ROM in the server and reboot the system. 

 10.Boot from the device and follow the on-screen instructions to update the hardware.

 11.Verify if the firmware/BIOS has been updated.

 12.Proceed with the ESX/ESXi installation or upgrade.
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How to check the vMotion Count by using PowerCLI

Tuesday, October 17, 2017 0

Below script can help you to get the count of all vMotion events that has happened in the past 24 hrs.

If you want to calculate the count for longer period then change the number AddDays.

Get-VIEvent -Entity (Get-VM -Location $_) -MaxSamples ([int]::MaxValue) -Start (Get-Date).AddDays(-1) |Where { $_.GetType().Name -eq “TaskEvent” -and $_.Info.DescriptionId -eq “VirtualMachine.migrate”} | Measure-Object | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Count
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Monday, October 16, 2017

Brief explai about - Modes in esxtop - Vmware

Monday, October 16, 2017 0
ESXTOP

ESXTOP is the utility only for ESX host to examine real-time resource usage for ESX and resxtop for ESX & ESXi hosts.esxtop can only be used for the local ESX machine but resxtop can be used remotely to view the resource utilization of ESX/ESXi hosts from other ESX/ESXi servers or VMA.

There are 3 different types of Modes in esxtop/resxtop

Interactive Mode

Batch Mode

Replay Mode.

Interactive mode (the default mode) – All statistics are displayed  are in real time

Batch mode – Statistics can be collected so that the output can be saved in a file (csv) and can be viewed & analyzed using windows perfmon & other tools in later time.

Replay mode – It is similar to record and replay operation. Data that was collected by the vm-support command is interpreted and played back as esxtop statistics. We can view the captured performance information for a particular duration or time period as like real time to view what was happening during that time. It is perfectly used for the VMware support person to replay the stats to understand what was happening to the server during that time.


Thanks for reading!!!!

            
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VMware Tools Installation for Linux Guests with the RPM installer and with the Tar Installer

Monday, October 16, 2017 0

TO INSTALL VMWARE TOOLS FROM X WITH THE RPM INSTALLER:

1. Choose VM > Install VMware Tools.

The guest operating system mounts the VMware Tools installation virtual CD.

2. Double-click the VMware Tools CD icon on the desktop.

Note: In some Linux distributions, the VMware Tools CD icon may fail to appear when you install VMware Tools within an X windows session on a guest. In this case, you should continue installing VMware Tools as described in Installing VMware Tools from the Command Line with the Tar Installer, beginning with step 3.

3. Double-click the RPM installer in the root of the CD-ROM.

4. Enter the root password.

5. Click Continue.

The installer prepares the packages.

6. Click Continue when the installer presents a dialog box saying Completed System Preparation.

A dialog appears for Updating system, with a progress bar. When the installer is done, VMware Tools are installed. There is no confirmation or finish button.

7. In an X terminal, as root (su -), configure VMware Tools.

vmware-config-tools.pl

Respond to the questions the installer displays on the screen. Press Enter to accept the default value.

Note: Be sure to respond yes when the installer offers to run the configuration program.

8. Launch the VMware Tools background application:

vmware-toolbox &

Note: Some guest operating systems require a reboot for full functionality.

INSTALLING VMWARE TOOLS FROM THE COMMAND LINE WITH THE TAR INSTALLER:


The first steps are performed on the host, within Workstation menus:

1. Power on the virtual machine.

2. After the guest operating system has started, prepare your virtual machine to install VMware Tools.

Choose VM > Install VMware Tools.

The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.

3. As root (su -), mount the VMware Tools virtual CD-ROM image, change to a working directory (for example, /tmp), uncompress the installer, then unmount the CD-ROM image.

Note: Some Linux distributions automatically mount CD-ROMs. If your distribution uses automounting, do not use the mount and umount commands below. You still must untar the VMware Tools installer to /tmp.

Some Linux distributions use different device names or organize the /dev directory differently. If your CD-ROM drive is not /dev/cdrom or if the mount point for a CD-ROM is not /mnt/cdrom, you must modify the following commands to reflect the conventions used by your distribution.

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

cd /tmp

Note: If you have a previous installation, delete the previous vmware-distrib directory before installing. The default location of this directory is

/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib.

4. Untar the VMware Tools tar file:

tar zxf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-5.0.0-<xxxx>.tar.gz

umount /dev/cdrom

Where <xxxx> is the build/revision number of the VMware Workstation release.

Note: If you attempt to install a tar installation over an rpm installation — or the reverse — the installer detects the previous installation and must convert the installer database format before continuing.

5. Run the .tar VMware Tools installer:

cd vmware-tools-distrib

./vmware-install.pl

Respond to the configuration questions on the screen. Press Enter to accept the default value.

6. Log off of the root account.

exit

7. Start X and your graphical environment.

8. In an X terminal, launch the VMware Tools background application.

vmware-toolbox &

Note: You may run VMware Tools as root or as a normal user. To shrink virtual disks, you must run VMware Tools as root (su -).

INSTALLING VMWARE TOOLS FROM THE COMMAND LINE WITH THE RPM INSTALLER:

 The first steps are performed on the host, within Workstation menus:

1. Power on the virtual machine.

2. After the guest operating system has started, prepare your virtual machine to install VMware Tools.

Choose VM > Install VMware Tools.

The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.

3. As root (su -), mount the VMware Tools virtual CD-ROM image, change to a working directory (for example, /tmp), uncompress the installer, then unmount the CD-ROM image.

Note: Some Linux distributions automatically mount CD-ROMs. If your distribution uses automounting, do not use the mount and umount commands below. You still must untar the VMware Tools installer to /tmp.

Some Linux distributions use different device names or organize the /dev directory differently. If your CD-ROM drive is not /dev/cdrom or if the mount point for a CD-ROM is not /mnt/cdrom, you must modify the following commands to reflect the conventions used by your distribution.

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

cd /tmp

Note: If you have a previous installation, delete the previous vmware-distrib directory before installing. The default location of this directory is

/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib.

4. At the command prompt, enter:

rpm -Uhv /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-5.0.0-<xxxx>.i386.rpm

umount /dev/cdrom

Where <xxxx> is the build/revision number of the VMware Workstation release.

Note: If you attempt to install an rpm installation over a tar installation — or the reverse — the installer detects the previous installation and must convert the installer database format before continuing.

5. Configure VMware Tools:

vmware-config-tools.pl

Respond to the questions the installer displays on the screen. Press Enter to accept the default value.

6. Log off of the root account.

exit

7. Start X and your graphical environment.

8. In an X terminal, launch the VMware Tools background application.

vmware-toolbox &

Note: You may run VMware Tools as root or as a normal user. To shrink virtual disks, you must run VMware Tools as root (su -).

STARTING VMWARE TOOLS AUTOMATICALLY

You may find it helpful to configure your guest operating system so VMware Tools starts when you start your X server. The steps for doing so vary depending on your Linux distribution and your desktop environment. Check your operating system documentation for the appropriate steps to take.

For example, in a Red Hat Linux 7.1 guest using GNOME, follow these steps.

1. Open the Startup Programs panel in the GNOME Control Center.

Main Menu (click the foot icon in the lower left corner of the screen) > Programs > Settings > Session > Startup Programs

2. Click Add.

3. In the Startup Command field, enter vmware-toolbox.

4. Click OK, click OK again, then close the GNOME Control Center.

The next time you start X, VMware Tools starts automatically.

UNINSTALLING VMWARE TOOLS

To remove VMware Tools from your Linux guest operating system, log on as root (su -) and enter the following command:


From a tar install

vmware-uninstall-tools.pl


From an RPM install

rpm -e VMwareTools
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How to check the UDP port is listening on Remote host?

Monday, October 16, 2017 0
The nc (or netcat) utility is used for just about anything under the sun involving TCP or UDP.  It can open TCP connections, send UDP packets, lis-ten on arbitrary TCP and UDP ports, do port scanning, and deal with both IPv4 and IPv6.
  
NAME

     nc - arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens

[root@nsk-linux ~]# nc -v -u -z -w 3 10.0.2.15 1-1024
Connection to 10.0.2.15 68 port [udp/bootpc] succeeded!
Connection to 10.0.2.15 631 port [udp/ipp] succeeded!

 10.0.2.15= Server IP (chane as per your needs)
1-1024    = Range of UDP ports
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